Some characters are not present on the keyboard or simply will not display correctly on a web page because they are reserved for HTML use. These can be represented using special character codes, which are sometimes called entity characters.
These codes generally begin with the & character. There is generally an abbreviation, such as quot to indicate what is being displayed. The codes typically end with a ;.
" will create an “
" will display an ”
As an alternative, you can also use a numerical code–the ASCII codes! For example, ASCII code 34 represents a quotation mark.
There is NO REASON to memorize these; look them up as needed. Here are a few sources; there are many more available.
